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Table 2 Comparing the learning scores of PHTLS course participants before and after the course (learning level) and the average 2 months after the course (behavior level)

From: Evaluating the effectiveness of the pre‑hospital trauma life support (PHTLS) program for the management of trauma patients in the pre-hospital emergency based on Kirkpatrick’s evaluation model

Skill

Comparison before and after training (learning level)

Comparison of pre-training (learning level) and behavior level

Comparison of after-training (learning level) and behavior level

Before course

After

course

p-value

Before

course

Average 2 months

p-value

After

course

Average 2 months

p-value

The skill of examining/managing trauma patients

18.5 ± 3.32

62.33 ± 6.57

0.00

18.5 ± 3.32

34.29 ± 5.8

0.00

62.33 ± 6.57

34.29 ± 5.8

0.228

The skill of airway-oral-pharyngeal, nasal-pharyngeal, and suctioning

5.81 ± 1.19

10.65 ± 1.96

0.00

5.81 ± 1.19

10.8 ± 1.96

0.00

10.65 ± 1.96

10.8 ± 1.96

0.37

Bleeding control/shock treatment skills

3.58 ± 0.76

5.93 ± 0.98

0.00

3.58 ± 0.76

5.86 ± 0.9

0.00

5.93 ± 0.98

5.86 ± 0.9

0.271

The skill of using a Traction splint

5.68 ± 1.2

10.8 ± 1.83

0.00

5.68 ± 1.2

11.21 ± 2.06

0.00

10.8 ± 1.83

11.21 ± 2.06

0.78

The skill of limiting the patient in the supine position

5.69 ± 1.22

10.24 ± 1.6

0.00

5.69 ± 1.22

10.82 ± 2.4

0.00

10.24 ± 1.6

10.82 ± 2.4

0.732

The ability to limit the movement of the spine of a sitting patient

5.17 ± 1.23

8.7 ± 1.22

0.00

5.17 ± 1.23

9.43 ± 1.77

0.001

8.7 ± 1.22

9.43 ± 1.77

0.94

The skill of limiting the movements of the injured long bone

4.36 ± 0.73

7.8 ± 1.22

0.00

4.36 ± 0.73

8.02 ± 1.15

0.00

7.8 ± 1.22

8.02 ± 1.15

0.299

The ability to limit the movement of the injured joint

3.93 ± 0.63

8.38 ± 2.38

0.00

3.93 ± 0.63

7.02 ± 1.31

0.00

8.38 ± 2.38

7.02 ± 1.31

0.812

Endotracheal ventilation/intubation skills

12.19 ± 1.62

19.45 ± 2.66

0.00

12.19 ± 1.62

21.51 ± 3.58

0.003

19.45 ± 2.66

21.51 ± 3.58

0.695