Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
Reference | No of patients | Population | Age | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
[7] | 45 | Patient presented to ED with sickle cell crisis pain | 18–65 | • Pain score • Patient satisfaction • Adverse effects • Length of stay |
[8] | 86 | Patient presented with acute traumatic pain presenting to the ED with an initial pain score of 7 or more | > 16 | • Pain score • Patient satisfaction • Adverse effects |
[14] | 25 | Patient presented with vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle cell disease | > 17 | • Pain score • Adverse effects • Length of stay • Number of patients require additional analgesia |
[16] | 206 | Patient presented with acute abdominal pain in the ED | 18–65 | • Pain score • Patient satisfaction • Adverse effects • Number of patients require additional analgesia- |
[19] | 96 | Patient presented to the ED with acute traumatic pain (< 24 h) with an initial pain score of 7 or more | 18–55 | • Pain score • Patient satisfaction • Adverse effects |
[11] | 200 | Patients presented to the ED with traumatic musculoskeletal injury requiring IV analgesia | 18–75 | • Pain score • Time to analgesia • Patient satisfaction • Adverse effects • Length of stay |
[10] | 196 | Patients presented to the ED with non-traumatic abdominal pain requiring IV analgesia | 18–75 | • Pain score • Time to analgesia • Patient satisfaction • Adverse effects • Length of stay |
[15] | 636 | Patients presented with acute pain to the ED | 18–65 | • Pain score • Adverse effects • Length of stay • Number of patients require additional analgesia |